{"id":107093,"date":"2024-03-15T11:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-15T15:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/?p=107093"},"modified":"2024-04-04T12:53:10","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T16:53:10","slug":"how-to-manage-apt-repositories-debian-ubuntu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-apt-repositories-debian-ubuntu","title":{"rendered":"How to Manage APT Repositories on Debian or Ubuntu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a class=\"wp-block-cgb-button button\" href=\"#step1\">Jump to Tutorial<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Advanced Package Tool (APT) is the backbone of package management on Debian and Ubuntu systems. It simplifies the process of installing, updating, and removing software. APT works with repositories \u2014 designated locations that host packages and update information.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mastering APT repository management ensures you have access to the software you need and that your system remains secure and up to date. This tutorial will guide you through how to manage APT repositories on Debian and Ubuntu systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"promotion-banner-small is-flex-direction-column has-items-aligned-flex-start has-items-aligned-center-tablet\">\n    <div class=\"promo-small-image is-hidden-mobile\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Devices-General.jpg\" alt=\"cross-platform management\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"promo-small-content\">\n        <p class=\"is-type-body-tiny is-type-weight-bold is-important promo-small-title\">\n            Secure &amp; Manage Linux Systems        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"is-type-body-default is-important\">\n            Cross-OS device management for the modern organization        <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"promo-small-cta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/platform\/cloud-device-management\" data-promo=\"Linux Device Management\" class=\"button is-primary-green promo-small-banner-link\">Learn More<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"image is-16by9\">\n<iframe class=\"has-ratio\" width=\"300\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SeOsOA9QNDM?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step1\">Step 1: Log In to Your Debian or Ubuntu Operating System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In our example, we will use Debian 12 but you are free to use any Debian or Ubuntu version.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can log in to our server via a terminal or some SSH client installed on your local machine. If you&#8217;re using Linux or macOS, you can use the built-in terminal application or command line for this purpose. In case you are using the Windows operating system, you can use popular solutions such as PuTTY or Windows PowerShell with SSH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Open the terminal or SSH client on your local machine and enter the username and IP address or hostname for your Debian or Ubuntu server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the terminal or SSH client, you can initiate the SSH connection by using the following command:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>ssh username@server_ip_address<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are connecting to the server for the first time, you will see a security warning about the authenticity of the host. Here you can verify that the displayed fingerprint matches the expected fingerprint by typing \u201cyes\u201d in the prompt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>The next prompt will ask you for the password, and after entering it, you will be logged into your system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-notification-card notification-card note\"><div class=\"notification-card-content\"><div class=\"notification-card-icon\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/jumpcloud\/assets\/images\/gutenberg-blocks\/note-icon.png\"\/><\/p><\/div><div class=\"notification-card-copy is-type-body-default\"><p><strong>Note:<\/strong> It\u2019s a security best practice to access a protected server through a SSH jumpbox, often called a \u201cbastion host.\u201d<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step2\">Step 2: Explore the APT Structure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>APT gets its packages from repositories defined in the <strong>\/etc\/apt\/sources.list<\/strong> file and in the <strong>\/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/<\/strong> directory. The <strong>sources.list<\/strong> file contains a list of \u201csources\u201d or locations from which APT fetches packages. Each line in the file specifies a different source, starting with the type of archive (deb for binary packages and deb-src for source packages), followed by the URL of the repository, the distribution codename, and the repository sections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"245\" src=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-13-1024x245.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107097\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-13-1024x245.png 1024w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-13-300x72.png 300w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-13-768x184.png 768w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-13-1536x368.png 1536w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-13.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In the screenshot above, we can see deb and deb-src packages belong to the <strong>bookworm<\/strong> distribution which is Debian 12, and the repository section <strong>main <\/strong>contains free and open source software officially supported by Debian. In the case we see the repository section called <strong>restricted<\/strong>, that is related to proprietary drivers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step3\">Step 3: Add New Repositories<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The first step when adding custom repositories to our repository list is to make a backup of our current <strong>sources.list<\/strong> file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>sudo cp \/etc\/apt\/sources.list \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.backup<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, we can open the <strong>sources.list<\/strong> file in our preferred text editor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>sudo nano \/etc\/apt\/sources.list<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>There we can paste the information about security-related repositories for our Debian version:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>deb http:\/\/deb.debian.org\/debian\/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free<br>deb-src http:\/\/deb.debian.org\/debian\/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We can see that there are already repositories that are defined but we will add official ones for redundancy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"309\" src=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-14-1024x309.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107098\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-14-1024x309.png 1024w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-14-300x91.png 300w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-14-768x232.png 768w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-14-1536x464.png 1536w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-14.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Press <strong>Ctrl + W<\/strong> for writing changes and <strong>Ctrl + X<\/strong> to exit the file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now we can run the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>sudo apt update<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This command will refresh the list of available updates and also include the repositories that we placed in our <strong>sources.list<\/strong> file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As we can see in this example, the update command added a few packages that have pending updates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"207\" src=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-15-1024x207.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107099\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-15-1024x207.png 1024w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-15-300x61.png 300w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-15-768x155.png 768w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-15-1536x310.png 1536w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-15.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We can check them by running the command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>apt list &#8211;upgradable<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"152\" src=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-16-1024x152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-16-1024x152.png 1024w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-16-300x44.png 300w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-16-768x114.png 768w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-16-1536x228.png 1536w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-16.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, we can add a new PPA or Personal Package Archives which are repositories designed for individual developers to deliver updates directly to users. This allows additional flexibility as you can often find some custom packages that are not available in official repositories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You should research these archives and repositories thoroughly before installing them on your system since some of them could create errors and broken dependencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can add the latest PHP version as part of <strong>ppa:ondrej\/php <\/strong>for Debian. The first step is to import the GPG signing key.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>sudo wget -O \/etc\/apt\/trusted.gpg.d\/php.gpg https:\/\/packages.sury.org\/php\/apt.gpg<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"179\" src=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-17-1024x179.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-17-1024x179.png 1024w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-17-300x53.png 300w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-17-768x134.png 768w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-17-1536x269.png 1536w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-17.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Importing GPG keys for APT repositories is crucial because it allows your package manager to verify the integrity and authenticity of the packages you download and install. It ensures that the packages have not been tampered with and are from a trusted source.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This command downloads the GPG key from the provided URL and saves it directly into the trusted.gpg.d directory, which is where APT looks for additional GPG keys beyond the default keyring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, we can add the repository:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>echo &#8220;deb https:\/\/packages.sury.org\/php\/ $(lsb_release -sc) main&#8221; | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/php.list<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This command adds a new source to the APT sources list for PHP packages provided by the &#8220;<strong>packages.sury.org&#8221;<\/strong> repository.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now we can sync the PPA with our local list, so we will run the update command again:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>sudo apt update<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Now we can install the latest PHP 8.3 version:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>sudo apt install php8.3<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"290\" src=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18-1024x290.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18-1024x290.png 1024w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18-300x85.png 300w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18-768x217.png 768w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18-1536x435.png 1536w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-18.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We can verify that our PHP version is installed by running the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>php -v<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"142\" src=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-19-1024x142.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-19-1024x142.png 1024w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-19-300x42.png 300w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-19-768x107.png 768w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-19-1536x213.png 1536w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-19.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step4\">Step 4: Remove or Disable Repositories<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Removing a repository might be necessary if the source is no longer maintained, if it conflicts with other software sources, or if you no longer require the software provided by that repository. Disabling, on the other hand, does not remove the repository but temporarily turns it off, which can be useful for troubleshooting issues or testing the system without certain updates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding how to effectively remove or disable repositories ensures that your system&#8217;s software sources remain reliable, up to date, and secure. This segment of the tutorial will delve into the practical steps and considerations for removing and disabling repositories on Debian and Ubuntu systems, ensuring that you are comfortable with this important segment of APT management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We will look into disabling a repository first; this process is pretty straightforward. We need to comment on the line in our <strong>sources.list<\/strong> file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, open sources.list file in your preferred text editor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>sudo nano \/etc\/apt\/sources.list<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, we need to comment out lines for repositories we want to exclude:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"354\" src=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-20-1024x354.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107104\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-20-1024x354.png 1024w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-20-300x104.png 300w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-20-768x265.png 768w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-20-1536x531.png 1536w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-20.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To remove the repository, the solution is to delete the line or lines completely from the <strong>sources.list<\/strong> file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If we have custom PPAs that we want to remove, we can do so by first checking the <strong>sources.list.d<\/strong> directory where custom PPAs are stored.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this example, we have our <strong>php.list<\/strong> that we installed previously, and there is one <strong>opencpn<\/strong> repository that is broken so we will remove it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"87\" src=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-21-1024x87.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107105\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-21-1024x87.png 1024w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-21-300x25.png 300w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-21-768x65.png 768w, https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-21.png 1390w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We can do so by removing the file directly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>sudo rm \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/opencpn-ubuntu-opencpn-bookworm.list<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The process is the same for any other custom PPA that is stored in the <strong>sources.list.d<\/strong> directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After each repository is deleted, it is a good idea to run the update command again:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-code-block code-block\"><div class=\"code-block-snippet is-type-body-default\">\n<p>sudo apt update<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading5\">Final Thoughts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As we conclude our journey through managing APT repositories on Debian and Ubuntu systems, it&#8217;s imperative to recognize the balance between utilizing a rich ecosystem of software and maintaining the integrity and performance of your system.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mastering the art of repository management \u2014 knowing how to add, remove, enable, and disable software sources \u2014 empowers you to customize your system to your needs while safeguarding against potential issues arising from incompatible or untrusted sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Through this tutorial, you&#8217;ve gained valuable insights into APT&#8217;s fundamental operations, learned to choose your sources carefully, and understood the significance of maintaining a clean and secure repository list. The repositories you choose to trust must be as crucial as the software you opt to install.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By applying the practices outlined here, you&#8217;re equipped to keep your system&#8217;s software management efficient and secure. As you move forward, continue to explore, validate sources, and keep your system&#8217;s health a top priority.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019d like to practice additional Debian or Ubuntu management skills, check out the following tutorials:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/blog\/how-to-configure-apparmor-for-security-debian-ubuntu\">How to Configure AppArmor for Security on Debian or Ubuntu<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/blog\/how-to-create-sudo-users-debian\">How to Create Sudo Users for Debian<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jumpcloud.com\/blog\/ubuntu-23-04-new-features\">How to Get the Most Out of Ubuntu 23.04<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn how to manage APT repositories on Debian and Ubuntu systems to ensure you have access to the software you need.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":150,"featured_media":107108,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_oasis_is_in_workflow":0,"_oasis_original":0,"_oasis_task_priority":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2781],"tags":[],"collection":[],"platform":[],"funnel_stage":[3017],"coauthors":[2535],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.9 (Yoast SEO v22.9) - 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